Category Archives: Website Security

Heartbleed no OpenSSL: a hora de agir é agora!

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Semana passada, uma vulnerabilidade conhecida como “Heartbleed” foi encontrada na popular biblioteca de software criptográfico OpenSSL (http://heartbleed.com). O OpenSSL é amplamente usado, muitas vezes com aplicativos e servidores Web como Apache e Nginx. As versões do OpenSSL de 1.0.1 até 1.0.1f contêm essa vulnerabilidade, que pode ser explorada por invasores para ler a memória dos sistemas. O acesso à memória pode levar os invasores a obterem chaves secretas, permitindo que eles decifrem e interceptem comunicações criptografadas por SSL e se façam passar por provedores de serviços. Os dados na memória também podem conter informações confidenciais, inclusive nomes de usuário e senhas.

O Heartbleed não é uma vulnerabilidade do SSL/TLS, e sim um bug de software na implementação da extensão heartbeat do OpenSSL. O SSL/TLS não foi enfraquecido; ele ainda é o padrão ouro para criptografia de dados em trânsito na Internet. Porém, devido à popularidade do OpenSSL, aproximadamente 66% dos servidores da Internet ou dois terços dos servidores Web (segundo o relatório da Netcraft sobre servidores Web) podem estar utilizando esse software. Recomenda-se às empresas que usam o OpenSSL que o atualizem para a última versão corrigida do software (1.0.1g) ou recompilem o OpenSSL sem a extensão heartbeat o mais rápido possível.

Sendo a principal autoridade de certificação do mundo, a Symantec já tomou medidas para reforçar seus sistemas. Nossas raízes não correm risco; no entanto, estamos seguindo as melhores práticas e recriamos as chaves de todos os certificados nos servidores Web que contêm as versões afetadas do OpenSSL.

Depois que as empresas atualizarem ou recompilarem seus sistemas, a Symantec recomenda que os clientes substituam todos os seus certificados em servidores Web, seja qual for o emissor, para reduzir os riscos de violações à segurança. A Symantec oferecerá certificados substitutos gratuitos para todos os clientes.

Por fim, a Symantec solicita aos clientes que redefinam as senhas de seus consoles de gerenciamento SSL e com assinatura de código. Mais uma vez, trata-se da melhor prática; encorajamos as empresas a solicitarem que seus clientes finais façam o mesmo depois que os sistemas tiverem aplicado a correção. Continuaremos a trabalhar com nossos clientes a fim de minimizar o impacto dos riscos de segurança provenientes dessa vulnerabilidade.

Para sua conveniência, eis um resumo das etapas a serem seguidas:

Para empresas:

  • Todos aqueles que usam o OpenSSL 1.0.1 até 1.0.1f devem atualizá-lo para a última versão corrigida do software (1.0.1g) ou recompilar o OpenSSL sem a extensão heartbeat.
  • As empresas também devem substituir o certificado nos respectivos servidores Web após migrarem para uma versão corrigida do OpenSSL.
  • Por fim, como melhor prática, também é recomendável que as empresas redefinam as senhas dos usuários finais que possam ter ficado visíveis na memória de um servidor comprometido.

Para os consumidores:

  • Esteja ciente da possibilidade de seus dados terem sido vistos por um terceiro se você tiver usado um provedor de serviços vulnerável.
  • Monitore as notificações enviadas pelos fornecedores que você usa. Se um fornecedor vulnerável comunicar aos clientes que devem alterar suas senhas, os usuários devem seguir essa instrução.
  • Evite possíveis e-mails de phishing enviados por invasores solicitando a atualização de sua senha; para evitar acessar um site fraudulento, atenha-se ao domínio oficial do site.

OpenSSL et Heartbleed : stoppez l’hémorragie !

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La semaine dernière, une faille baptisée « Heartbleed » a été détectée dans la bibliothèque de chiffrement OpenSSL (http://heartbleed.com). Cette bibliothèque est particulièrement utilisée sur des applications et serveurs Web comme Apache et Nginx. Concrètement, les versions 1.0.1 à 1.0.1f d’OpenSSL présentent une faille que des attaquants peuvent exploiter pour lire la mémoire des systèmes hôtes. Ainsi, ils pourront accéder aux clés secrètes qui leur permettront de décrypter et d’intercepter les communications sécurisées via SSL, voire même de se faire passer pour des fournisseurs de services. Mais le danger ne s’arrête pas là puisque les données en mémoire pourront également contenir des informations sensibles, telles que des noms d’utilisateur et des mots de passe.

Heartbleed ne constitue en rien une vulnérabilité des protocoles SSL/TLS. Il s’agit en fait d’un bug logiciel dans l’implémentation de l’extension OpenSSL « heartbeat ». Bref, la technologie SSL/TLS n’est aucunement remise en question. Elle est et demeure la référence absolue en matière de cryptage des transferts de données sur Internet. Le problème provient de l’omniprésence d’OpenSSL. D’après un rapport Netcraft, deux tiers des serveurs Web sur Internet seraient équipés de ce logiciel. Toutes ces entreprises devront donc passer à la dernière version corrigée de la bibliothèque (1.0.1g) ou recompiler OpenSSL sans l’extension heartbeat dès que possible.

De son côté, en tant que leader mondial des autorités de certification, Symantec a déjà pris un certain nombre de mesures pour renforcer ses systèmes. Bien que nos certificats racines ne soient pas exposés, nous avons décidé d’appliquer les bonnes pratiques de rigueur, à savoir la redéfinition des clés de tous les certificats sur les serveurs Web équipés des versions vulnérables d’OpenSSL.

Une fois leurs systèmes mis à jour ou recompilés, Symantec recommande aux entreprises de remplacer tous leurs certificats – quel qu’en soit l’émetteur – sur leurs serveurs Web afin de limiter les risques de violations de sécurité. Pour les y encourager, nous offrirons à tous nos clients la possibilité de remplacer gratuitement leurs certificats.

Enfin, par simple mesure de précaution, Symantec demande à ses clients de réinitialiser les mots de passe de leur console de gestion de certificats SSL et Code Signing. Nous encourageons également les entreprises à inciter leurs clients à en faire de même une fois leurs systèmes corrigés. De notre côté, nous poursuivrons notre coopération avec nos propres clients pour minimiser l’impact de cette vulnérabilité sur leur sécurité.

Pour vous faciliter la tâche, nous dressons ici un point rapide sur les mesures à prendre :

Entreprises :

  • Si vous utilisez les versions OpenSSL 1.0.1 à 1.0.1f, installez la dernière version corrigée du logiciel (1.0.1g) ou recompilez votre version existante sans l’extension heartbeat.
  • Une fois la version corrigée d’OpenSSL installée, remplacez également le certificat du serveur Web concerné.
  • Enfin, par mesure de précaution, réinitialisez vos mots de passe utilisateur. En effet, ces derniers auront pu être décryptés dans la mémoire des serveurs compromis.

Particuliers :

  • Si votre fournisseur de services a été touché par Heartbleed, il est possible que vos données aient été interceptées par un cybercriminel.
  • Restez attentifs aux avis des éditeurs et fournisseurs dont vous êtes client. Si ces derniers vous demandent de modifier votre mot de passe, faites-le sans tarder.
  • Méfiez-vous des éventuels e-mails de phishing vous demandant de modifier votre mot de passe. Pour éviter de vous retrouver sur un site Web frauduleux, limitez-vous au domaine du site officiel.

OpenSSL, afectado por la vulnerabilidad Heartbleed: actúe cuanto antes

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La semana pasada, se descubrió que la vulnerabilidad «Heartbleed» (http://heartbleed.com) había afectado a la conocida biblioteca de software criptográfico OpenSSL, que se utiliza con aplicaciones y servidores web como Apache y Nginx, además de para otros muchos usos. En determinadas versiones de OpenSSL (de la 1.0.1 a la 1.0.1f, ambas incluidas), existe el riesgo de que los ciberdelincuentes accedan a la memoria de los sistemas, obtengan las claves secretas necesarias para descifrar y espiar las comunicaciones protegidas mediante la tecnología SSL, y suplanten a los proveedores de servicios. Además, es posible que los datos de la memoria contengan información confidencial, como nombres de usuario y contraseñas.

Heartbleed no es una vulnerabilidad de la tecnología SSL/TLS, sino un error de programación en la implementación de la extensión heartbeat de OpenSSL. Esto no quiere decir que SSL/TLS haya dejado de funcionar; al contrario, sigue siendo la tecnología líder para cifrar los datos que se transmiten por Internet. Sin embargo, debido a la popularidad de OpenSSL, es posible que actualmente use el software afectado en torno al 66 % de Internet, el equivalente a dos tercios de los servidores web (según el informe sobre servidores web de Netcraft). Las empresas que usan OpenSSL deberían pasarse a la versión 1.0.1g, en la que el problema ya está solucionado, o recompilar OpenSSL sin la extensión heartbeat lo antes posible.

Symantec ya ha tomado medidas para reforzar la seguridad de sus sistemas, como corresponde a la principal autoridad de certificación del mundo. Nuestras raíces están a salvo, pero aun así estamos siguiendo los protocolos recomendados y hemos modificado las claves de todos los certificados de los servidores web que utilizaban las versiones de OpenSSL afectadas.

Symantec recomienda a las empresas que, tras actualizar o recompilar sus sistemas, sustituyan todos los certificados de los servidores web (independientemente de quién los haya emitido) para evitar posibles incidencias de seguridad. Tenemos previsto facilitar a todos nuestros clientes nuevos certificados gratuitos.

Por último, instamos a los clientes a que, por precaución, cambien las contraseñas de las consolas de gestión de certificados SSL y de firma de código (Code Signing). Una vez restablecida la seguridad de los sistemas, es recomendable que las empresas también pidan a sus clientes que cambien las contraseñas.

Seguiremos colaborando con nuestros clientes para reducir al mínimo las consecuencias de esta vulnerabilidad, pero a continuación resumimos los pasos básicos para protegerse.

En el caso de las empresas, recomendamos:

  • actualizar las versiones de OpenSSL afectadas (de la 1.01 a la 1.0.1f, ambas incluidas) a la versión 1.0.1g, o bien recompilar OpenSSL sin la extensión heartbeat;
  • sustituir el certificado del servidor web tras adoptar una versión segura de OpenSSL;
  • restablecer por precaución todas las contraseñas de los usuarios, ya que alguien podría haberlas obtenido al infiltrarse en la memoria del servidor.

Por su parte, los consumidores deberían:

  • saber que, si los proveedores de los servicios que utilizan se han visto afectados por Heartbleed, es posible que la confidencialidad de sus datos no esté garantizada;
  • estar pendientes de los avisos que reciban y cambiar las contraseñas si el proveedor de un servicio afectado se lo solicita;
  • fijarse bien en quién envía los mensajes de correo electrónico en los que se solicita un cambio de contraseña y asegurarse de que los enlaces conducen al sitio web oficial, ya que podría tratarse de intentos de phishing.

Heartbleed, Y2K and misplaced worry.

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brook-heartbleed-blog-1.pngOver the past week news about the Heartbleed OpenSSL vulnerability draws some similarities and also some dissimilarities to the Y2K bug; remember that?  In early 1999, there were stories of people building our survival bunkers in the basements of their homes in order to prepare for the potential fallout from the Y2K bug.  As you may recall IT companies scrambled, airlines were fraught with angst , and governments paid very large sums of money to ensure the sky wouldn’t fall down on us.  As we know now New Year’s Day 2000 came and went with nary a hitch, although companies were left to pay some hefty Y2K consultant bills (it was reported at the time that AT&T paid over $500 million USD) and many families across the globe were left with fully stocked basements, a surplus of books on modern Armageddon, candles and canned soup.

brook-heartbleed-blog-2.pngFast forward 15 years later and a new bug; Heartbleed was discovered in the popular OpenSSL cryptographic software library. This vulnerability, which may affect up to two-thirds of the internet, allows an attacker to withdraw a server’s most vital secrets including passwords and private SSL certificate keys.  Although this bug surely won’t cause nuclear missiles to launch, companies and families need to be more concerned about this bug rather than the one that caused people to build bunkers in their backyards.  The Heartbleed bug appears to have been around for two years and was only discovered by two teams of researchers little more than a week ago.  However, much like the argument over who discovered “America”, it appears this vulnerability has been discovered and exploited in the past by black hat Leif Ericksons; modern day digital Vikings bent on pillaging data.

A recent blog by internet services company NetCraft,  said the SSL tsunami has yet to arrive.  Discouragingly, by the morning of Friday the 11th of April 2014, only 30,000 of the possible pool of 500,000 affected SSL certificates have yet to be replaced. This is akin to Y2K being a reality and IT professionals refusing to patch ’00 date bugs on servers in favor of sealing the hatch on their secure bunker. By now every hacker knows about this vulnerability; it’s a race against time and you should take action now to ensure that you take the steps required to take the required action to fix your site.

This is real and every hour that goes by, unpatched servers become more and more exposed to attack.  The first step is to get out of our blissful bunkers of ignorance and check our domains to see if the servers are vulnerable.  Symantec’s Domain Checker should be your first port of call – it allows you to check your site for Heartbleed.  If you are not affected by Heartbleed be certain to tell your customers – they really need to know and believe you me they will be grateful that you have told them.  However if you have been affected, start by reading our Knowledgebase article on the subject and take the following steps:. 

  1. Upgrade your servers to OpenSSL 1.0.1g or recompile without the Heartbeat extension.
  2. Change your password to your Symantec SSL console (if applicable).  Note that Symantec Managed PKI for SSL was not affected and you do not need a new Administrator ID.
  3. Replace your SSL certificates on your impacted servers; replacement SSL certificates are offered at no charge for existing Symantec SSL customers.  Keep your details the same to avoid having to go through authentication again.
  4. Test your configuration and installation.  Note it is a best practice to always install the intermediate certificate with your end-entity certificate. 
  5. Upon successful completion revoke any certificates that were replaced in step 3.
  6. Consider resetting customer’s passwords on any server that could have been compromised.

One final piece of advice, you may have to do this on your intranet sites as well.  Don’t trust your firewall to keep out hackers, they find their way behind firewalls every day by either infecting the menu at your favorite take-out place or by changing the rules.  If you want more up to date information on Heartbleed or any other threats follow us on Twitter, Facebook and bookmark our corporate Heartbleed update page.

Heartbleed in OpenSSL: Take Action Now!

This week a vulnerability dubbed “Heartbleed” was found in the popular OpenSSL cryptographic software library (http://heartbleed.com).  OpenSSL is widely used, often with applications and web servers like Apache and Nginx.   OpenSSL versions 1.0.1 through 1.0.1f contain this vulnerability, which attackers can exploit to read the memory of the systems.  Gaining access to the memory could provide attackers with secret keys, allowing them to decrypt and eavesdrop on SSL encrypted communications and impersonate service providers. Data in memory may also contain sensitive information including usernames and passwords.

Heartbleed is not a vulnerability with SSL/TLS, but rather a software bug in the OpenSSL heartbeat implementation. SSL/TLS is not broken; it is still the gold standard for encrypting data in transit on the Internet. However, due to the popularity of OpenSSL, approximately 66% of the Internet or two-thirds of web servers (according to Netcraft Web server report ) could be using this software. Companies using OpenSSL should update to the latest fixed version of the software (1.0.1g) or recompile OpenSSL without the heartbeat extension as soon as possible.

As the world’s leading Certification Authority, Symantec has already taken steps to strengthen our systems. Our roots are not at risk; however, we are following best practices and have re-keyed all certificates on web servers that have the affected versions of OpenSSL.

After companies have updated or recompiled their systems, Symantec is recommending that customers replace all their certificates -regardless of issuer- on their web servers to mitigate the risks of security breach. Symantec will be offering free replacement certificates for all our customers.   

Finally, Symantec is asking customers to reset passwords to their SSL and code-signing management consoles.  Again, this is a best practice and we encourage companies to ask their end customers to do the same after their systems have applied the fix.  We will continue to work with our customers to minimize the impact of security risks from this vulnerability.

For your convenience, here is a summary of steps to take:

For businesses:

  • Anyone using OpenSSL 1.0.1 through 1.0.1f should update to the latest fixed version of the software (1.0.1g), or recompile OpenSSL without the heartbeat extension.  
  • Businesses should also replace the certificate on their web server after moving to a fixed version of OpenSSL.
  • Finally, and as a best practice, businesses should also consider resetting end-user passwords that may have been visible in a compromised server memory.

For consumers:

  • Should be aware their data could have been seen by a third party if they used a vulnerable service provider.
  • Monitor any notices from the vendors you use. Once a vulnerable vendor has communicated to customers that they should change their passwords, users should do so.
  • Avoid potential phishing emails from attackers asking you to update your password – to avoid going to an impersonated website, stick with the official site domain.

Applying for an SSL certificate? Do your homework first!

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If you need an SSL certificate to protect your website or some other business-critical application such as email or storage systems, then you need to remember your ABCDs.

A is for the Appropriate certificate

There are a few different types of SSL certificate out there for different applications. For example, there are Unified Communications Certs (UCC) and code signing certificates. But the most common type is designed to secure a website, authenticate it and encrypt the traffic between the site and the user.

Within this group there are SSL Wildcard certificates that are ideal if you want to protect multiple subdomains of the same address, for example if you had multiple sites for different languages such as uk.company.com and us.company.com.

For other certificates, you have a choice of Extended Validation certificates which give site visitors visible reassurance about the provenance of the site and regular certificates. Within the Symantec SSL portfolio, there are different levels of encryption, different types of the encryption algorithm and security but they all include daily website malware scanning and Symantec Seal-in-Search.

More information about Symantec SSL certificates.

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B is for Best support

Before you buy a certificate, it’s important to check that you’ll get the support you need. Sometimes, even the most proficient IT managers needs help with a particularly complex certificate problem. With Symantec, you’ve got multi language 24/7/365 support on tap.

C is for Certificate Authority

Not all SSL is the same because not all CAs are the same. Founded as VeriSign in 1995, we support the world’s largest and most critical certificate deployments. Our validation services process on average over four and a half billion hits per day – with zero downtime in more than ten years. This is why 97 of the world’s 100 largest financial institutions and 75 percent of the 500 biggest e-commerce sites in North America use SSL Certificates from Symantec.

D is for Documentation

Before you request a certificate, especially an Extended Validation (EV) certificate, it helps to have all your documentation ready. You’ll need to authenticate your organisation, prove you have authority to request a certificate, authenticate your domain and, in some cases, verify the organisation with additional documentation.

The more you know the better prepared you can be to enrol and install your certificate. Read on to find out how SSL and using the Norton Secured Seal on your site can help you succeed online.

For SSL download our interactive SSL resource, ‘SSL Explained’ now.

Internet safety in the Netherlands

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netherlands.png‘The attacker still has the upper hand,’ says the Dutch government’s most recent Cyber Security Report. The report continues: attackers are getting smarter, more devices are being connected to the internet and yet many incidents could have been prevented by implementing basic security measures.

The human and business consequences are high. In 2011, for example, internet banking fraud alone resulted in Dutch losses of €35 million, according to the report.  Over 3 million Dutch citizens in 2013 said that they have been victims of cybercrime in the last 12 months according the Norton Cybercrime Report.

In 2012, one in eight Dutch adults were the victim of cybercrime, according to government research. Young people, who are more active online, were more likely to be victimised, with one in five being affected. Worryingly, in an increasingly social online world – 30% of social network users say they share passwords with others whilst 35% are happy to connect with people they do not know online. (Source: Norton Cybercrime Report).

The threat is not going away. Citizens and businesses need to be proactive in their own defence against cybercrime; particularly as we all transact more online and mobile devices multiply. And while nine out of ten victims of phishing and skimming do report the incident to the authorities, prevention is the preferred option.

The Nationaal Cyber Security Centrum’s website offers advice and security alerts in Dutch. For more information about Symantec Website Security Solutions in the Netherlands, visit our website or call us to find out how we can help your organisation stay safe online.

 

SQL???????????(CWE-89) ???

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このブログではウェブサイトやその上で動作しているウェブアプリケーションの脆弱性について紹介すると共に注意喚起をする目的でまとめられています。

今回は2005年以来継続して攻撃被害のあるSQLインジェクションについて解説をしています。

Do you need your own private Certificate Authority?

Stronger, resilient Private CA removes risk while lowering costs
On 1 October 2016 in line with the CA/Browser Forum’s Baseline Requirements, publicly trusted SSL certificates can no longer be issued to reserved IP addresses or Internal Server Names.
To overcome this:

1. You can update all your internal servers to use publically resolvable domains names or fully qualified domain names

2. You can set up an internal self-signed certificate authority

3. Or you could use Symantec’s Private CA offering

A key part of Symantec’s Managed PKI for SSL product this allows you to continue to use reserved IP addresses or Internal Server Names utilising Symantec’s Private Certification Authority (CA) that provides a hosted private SSL certificate hierarchy and end-entity certificates specifically built to secure internal servers.

Symantec’s Private CA uses the same solid infrastructure, which has 100% up-time track record* and robust business continuity programs, organisations meaning companies can put aside the security and disaster recovery infrastructure required to develop, store, and secure private keys.

* since 2004

10 rookie SSL mistakes and how to avoid them

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  1. Choosing based on price. Not all certificate authorities (CA) are the same. The security of your certificates depends in part on how secure the CA is, so it pays to choose wisely. In addition, when you’re installing new SSL certificates you need a company that can provide a full range of services and the backup to make the installation go smoothly. (Symantec secures more than one million Web servers worldwide, more than any other Certificate Authority.)
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  2. Not being prepared. Before you apply for a certificate, you will need certain pieces of information. It’s worth having everything ready before you start the process.
  3. Getting the wrong type. There are different kinds of certificates for different types of application. For example, there are certificates for email systems, code signing certificates and more, besides the familiar certificates used on websites. Make sure you choose the right one.
  4. Leaving certificate renewal to the very last minute. It can take a little time to go through the steps required to request and issue a new certificate, especially if you choose Extended Validation, where the CA will need time to authenticate you and your organisation. Starting 2-4 weeks in advance makes sense in most cases this also guards against unseen ‘tech issues’ that might arise too.
  5. Generate a valid CSR. All certificates start with a certificate signing request (CSR) but how you get a valid CSR depends on the software you’re using. Check out this guide to the most popular applications.
  6. Not checking the CSR. Use Symantec’s free CSR checker to make sure you have a valid CSR.
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  7. Not protecting the private key. SSL encryption depends on a private key that unlocks communication to and from your server. Your CA gives you this private key and you install it on your system. Treat it as a valuable asset and don’t share it with more people than necessary or make it easy for unauthorised users to access.
  8. Not testing the certificate. After installation, check the site using Symantec’s certificate installation checker. Also check it on a wide variety of browsers and platforms to make sure it’s working properly.
  9. Not getting help when you need it. If something goes wrong, you can turn to a reputable Certificate Authority like Symantec for help. A good starting point is our support page but you can also contact us directly.
  10. Losing your password. Smart IT managers keep a run book to record the procedures they use so that if they are not around to renew the certificates when they expire, at least their successors know how to do it. Your run book should include the URL, user name and password required to access your CA’s certificate centre (but remember keep this secured and only allow access to those who need to manage the certificates).

For more information on encryption, SSL, and website security download our SSL Explained interactive infographic now.